The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has published a feasibility study on its Pathogens-in-Foods (PIF) database, recommending a strategic roadmap centred on AI-based data analytics, the creation of an antimicrobial resistance (AMR) catalogue, and the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate systematic reviews and data verification. The study, released on 15 June 2026 as an external scientific report, assesses the database's viability in terms of adoptability, technical robustness, and ethical/legal compliance, based on a critical appraisal of current weaknesses and user surveys.
The PIF database currently holds approximately 20,000 records of occurrence data on pathogenic bacteria, parasites, and viruses in foods produced, commercialised, or consumed in Europe. It is structured according to the FAIR guiding principles (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) and relies on protocolled systematic reviews conducted twice a year by trained reviewers. The feasibility study identifies areas for enhancement to ensure the database's sustainability and wider use.
Strategic roadmap and AI integration
The study's recommended roadmap extends beyond updating the existing five catalogues. Key priorities include integrating AI-based data analytics and interpretation tools, developing a dedicated AMR catalogue to track antimicrobial resistance patterns in foodborne pathogens, and assessing LLM algorithms to support automation of systematic reviews and data verification. These measures aim to reduce manual workload and improve data timeliness and accuracy.
Impact on stakeholders
For EFSA and EU risk assessors, the proposed upgrades could enhance the speed and scope of food safety assessments, enabling faster identification of emerging pathogen risks. Food business operators and industry associations may benefit from more up-to-date and accessible data for hazard analysis and supply chain monitoring, but could face indirect costs if the database's expanded scope leads to stricter regulatory scrutiny or new testing requirements. EU consumers stand to gain from improved food safety surveillance, though the benefits will materialise only after implementation. Researchers and public health authorities will have a richer, more interoperable data resource for epidemiological studies and policy support.
Next steps
EFSA has not yet announced a formal adoption timeline for the roadmap. The study serves as a strategic planning document, and further consultations with stakeholders and technical experts are expected before any operational changes are made to the PIF database.