On 13 May 2026, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a scientific report titled "Knowledge mapping of risk mitigation measures against vector-borne diseases." The report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of existing and potential measures to reduce the risk of vector-borne diseases, which are transmitted by organisms such as mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. The findings are intended to support EU risk managers and national authorities in designing effective prevention and control strategies.
The report, produced by EFSA's Panel on Animal Health and Welfare (AHAW), is based on a systematic review of scientific literature and expert consultation. It categorizes mitigation measures into several groups: vector control (e.g., insecticides, biological control), personal protection (e.g., repellents, bed nets), environmental management (e.g., habitat modification, drainage), and surveillance and early warning systems. The document notes that the effectiveness of measures varies depending on the vector species, geographical region, and local conditions. It also highlights gaps in knowledge, particularly regarding the long-term efficacy and ecological impact of certain interventions.
Policy orientations and trade-offs
The report does not prescribe specific measures but provides a knowledge mapping to inform decision-making. It identifies trade-offs between different approaches. For instance, chemical insecticides offer rapid vector reduction but may harm non-target organisms and lead to resistance. Biological control methods, such as introducing natural predators, are more environmentally friendly but can be slower and less predictable. Environmental management, like draining standing water, is sustainable but requires ongoing maintenance and community engagement. Surveillance systems are crucial for early detection but demand significant resources and coordination.
Impact on stakeholders
EU regulatory bodies and national health authorities will use the report to refine their vector-borne disease strategies, potentially shifting towards integrated vector management that combines multiple measures. The agriculture sector, particularly livestock farmers, may be affected as some vector-borne diseases also affect animals; the report includes animal health perspectives. The chemical industry producing insecticides could face increased scrutiny over resistance and environmental impacts. Civil society and public health advocates may welcome the emphasis on non-chemical alternatives and community-based approaches.
Expected institutional follow-up
EFSA's report is a scientific input for the European Commission and member states. It may inform future EU legislation or funding priorities under the EU4Health programme or the Horizon Europe research framework. The report also calls for further research on understudied measures and for harmonized monitoring across the EU to improve data comparability. No immediate regulatory action is mandated, but the mapping is expected to guide risk managers in updating national preparedness plans.
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