The EU Council has proposed a global ban on firefighting foams containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in maritime shipping, aiming to protect human health and the environment. The proposal, outlined in a cover note published on 2 May 2026, calls for amendments to the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS), the 1994 High-Speed Craft (HSC) Code, and the 2000 HSC Code. It would prohibit the use and storage of such foams, with a phased implementation: a ban for new ships from 2030 and for existing ships by the first survey after 1 January 2035.
Policy Orientations and Trade-offs The Council's proposal balances environmental and health protection against maritime safety and economic costs. PFAS, known as 'forever chemicals,' persist in the environment and are linked to health risks. Banning them in firefighting foams reduces pollution and exposure risks for crews and marine ecosystems. However, alternative foams may be less effective in extinguishing certain fires, potentially compromising safety. The phased approach gives time for research and transition, but industry stakeholders may face higher costs for new equipment and training. The proposal also aligns with the EU's broader PFAS restriction strategy, reinforcing regulatory coherence.
Impact on Stakeholders - EU maritime shipping industry: Ship operators will need to invest in alternative foams and retrofit systems, with costs varying by vessel type. The 2030 deadline for new ships and 2035 for existing ships provides a transition period, but compliance may be challenging for smaller operators. - EU chemical manufacturers: Producers of PFAS-based foams face declining demand, while manufacturers of alternatives may see market growth. The ban could accelerate innovation in fluorine-free foams. - EU environmental NGOs: The ban is a positive step toward reducing PFAS pollution, though they may push for faster implementation or broader restrictions. - EU maritime safety authorities: They must ensure that alternative foams meet safety standards, potentially requiring new testing and certification processes.
Expected Institutional Follow-up The Council's proposal will be submitted to the International Maritime Organization (IMO) for consideration. EU member states will coordinate within the IMO to advocate for the amendments. The European Commission and the European Parliament may also weigh in, given the EU's internal PFAS regulations. The next steps involve technical discussions at the IMO's Maritime Safety Committee, with a timeline for adoption likely spanning several years.
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