On 13 May 2026, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published an external scientific report assessing the risk of introduction of 25 vector-borne disease agents into the European Union through active or passive movement of vectors. The report, produced by external experts under EFSA's procurement, evaluates pathways such as trade in animals, plants, and goods, as well as natural dispersal, and ranks the agents by likelihood of entry and establishment. The findings are intended to inform EU risk managers and member states about priority threats for surveillance and control.
The report covers a range of pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and parasites transmitted by mosquitoes, ticks, and sandflies. Among the 25 agents assessed, several are already present in parts of the EU, while others are considered emerging threats from neighbouring regions or via global trade. The document does not set mandatory measures but provides a scientific basis for potential regulatory action by the European Commission and national authorities.
Key trade-offs identified in the report include the balance between facilitating trade and travel and preventing pathogen introduction. Stricter border controls or import restrictions could reduce risk but may impose costs on businesses and disrupt supply chains. Conversely, maintaining open borders supports economic activity but increases exposure to vector-borne diseases.
Stakeholders most impacted include EU livestock and plant producers, who may face new testing or quarantine requirements; the transport and logistics sector, which could see delays or additional paperwork; public health authorities, who would need to enhance surveillance and response capacity; and EU consumers, who may experience price increases or reduced availability of certain imported goods.
The report is expected to feed into ongoing EU discussions on the One Health approach, linking human, animal, and environmental health. No immediate legislative follow-up is scheduled, but the European Commission may use the findings to update its list of priority diseases or to propose targeted import measures. EFSA has not indicated a timeline for further action.
← Atlas › News › Agri-food