Member of the European Parliament · Sweden · S&D · Arbetarepartiet- Socialdemokraterna
- “(17:01:03 – 17:03:01): I would like to say a warm thank you for these important reports showing that climate change risks changing our lives in the future, but, that people already see these every day, and we do this already today and here and now. We should do all we can in order to, mitigate the emissions here and make sure that the global warming stays down, but we need to get prepared. We need to prepare for a world that is characterized by a changed climate. And we need to do this so that it doesn't hit certain groups more. No 1 should be left behind, and I'm thinking about low income people and young people. So my questions to you are, 1st of all, well, these last few years, we've seen many examples within the EU that have been hit really badly by extreme weather events, flooding, and drought. But are there good examples of regions or countries that, are leading the way in this adaptation work that we could learn from? Secondly, the risks that we often discuss as politicians that we have knowledge about, about water, for instance, in many municipalities, measures against flooding, for instance. But what are the greatest challenges that we undervalue as politicians? And my last question, we know that long term needs sometimes are forgotten because of more short term perspectives. So how can we make sure that we get better at using science so that we can prevent and adapt to this changing climate in a good way? Thank you very much.”
EU policy on infrastructure for preventing climate-related disasters (floods, droughts, extreme weather etc.)
- “Thank you, chair, and thank you so much to Inger Andersen. I can totally agree with all what with all what you have have said. But the problem is you say that science about science is no time to weaken. And we cannot ignore science when we will meet the future. To be. To be honest, this is exactly what's happening now in the European Union. We are weakening a lot of progressive laws and regulations. I was in New York last week at the United Nations Conference Commission Women Commission conference, and we also had a meeting with the Secretary-General, Mr. Guterres, and the message was very clear financing to the EU and related organizations is decreasing at the same time. The needs in the world with war and crisis are increasing. So there is an international option that we need to to do more, both for security but also for climate. So my question is because for me Women and gender equality goes hand in hand with climate change and science, I agree. Investments, I agree, but we need to have more women on board in this climate transition, because we know by science that investments and women's knowledge means economical growth. So what's your what's your take on this? Really interesting. Thank you.”
Gender roles, equality and inclusion
- “Thank you. President. The green deal, that was a project for the future. In the last mandate, we worked together. We held together in the center and the far right. Climate deniers were left out in my country, Sweden, the far right had a campaign to cut environmental legislation. Now, there is a risk that the Green Deal is unpicked, that will lose green jobs without the possibility for our industry. If the conservatives go go arm in arm with the far right, that is a risky development because our industry in Europe need long term rules, political leadership so that people and companies attract investments. That shouldn't wouldn't be that would be very risky for green developments and the.”
Energy (green transition)
- “Thank you. Uh, tonight I prefer to continue in Swedish. Welcome, Commissioner Jessica Roosevelt. I am very pleased that we are discussing this water resilience strategy. However, having said that, this, uh, proposal, this strategy is really too weak when it comes to PFAS. Um, we had one of the biggest PFAS, uh, scandals in Europe, which took place in Sweden, which I'm sure you are well aware of. Uh, there were, families who for a number of years were drinking this poisoned water that had PFAS in and had a consequence for their futures. So it is clear that we need very strong regulation and a ban, or at least a phasing out of PFAS. It is not enough that it just covers cosmetics, but it needs to be water as well for our citizens. So this regulation simply isn't sufficient. The commission needs to act here. Uh, it's just one issue after another. So it's really, uh, time to actually, uh, deliver. The commission can put forward a strong legislation to ban or to phase out the PFAS, and particularly when it comes to our water, which is something that everyone should feel safe when they're drinking. Thank you.”
PFAs
- “Thank you. Thank you chair. And thank you, Commissioner, for being here together with us this this evening. Yes, the climate crisis does not pass, and we need to continue our fight for for the leadership on the the the famous Green Deal, as you mentioned. Um, I think we met at the first time in cop in, I think it was in Dubai, and we discussed the 2040 goal and you mentioned it here in a few weeks, you you will present a proposal for me. It's very, very important. I can agree with Mr. Lisa that we need to be more ambitious because we know that science is very, very clear. Cutting emissions by at least 90% by 2040 is an absolute minimum. And from my point of view, I can see that 95% will be a guarantee that we can, that we can reach our goals for 2050. So, um, I will ask you because you you know, I also know there are it's challenging times. We see growing pressure from forces who want to reverse the progress we have made. Uh, I'm deeply worried about this. And especially it must also worry you because you have this responsibility. So my question, Commissioner, is will the Commission support at least 90% emissions reduction target for 2030? Or is it possible for you to be brave and go further with 95% so we can guarantee our goals? Thank you.”
Climate efforts
- “Thank you very much, president. Yes. Well, Europe is in a very serious situation. There are two existential threats across the world. Our peace and our freedom and our survival are at threat. And this is why we need to focus on security as well as the climate. We need to ensure that we can strengthen our own security in Europe, our defence as well, whilst continuing to move towards a greener Europe. We can't simply press the pause button. Now citizens and businesses are waiting for us to take charge. Now, obviously we need to think about our support for Ukraine as well. We must stop the Russian gas channel. We have responsibilities as well. We need to have a greener planet, but also future generations. Future generations. This is essential. Thank you.”
Russia-Ukraine conflict (10th term) · Defence spending
- “President, one out of every three women in the EU doesn't have their own job. And every day women and girls are subject to violence and harassment, and women are being murdered by men in domestic violence as well. There are millions of women in Europe that don't have access to safe abortions. Uh. I'm there. Uh, it's around 60 years till achieving true equality in Europe. We don't have time to wait for this, uh, time for the to wait for the commission to put forward a proposal to ban PFAS chemicals. Uh, are citizens have the right to live in a toxic, uh, toxin free environment? We want equality, a green transition, and economic growth. We want to have a strong Europe. And in order to do this, we need to act. Now, that is the task for the commission. Thank you.”
Gender roles, equality and inclusion
- “Thank you. Thank you so much and thanks to the panel. And thank you also, Ileana, my EPP colleague, for telling us your story. And it's also important that you are doing it as a politician because politicians can also be victims. So thank you for that. Uh, we can see and we have heard it here today, the disturbing rise in image based sexual abuse. And it's made worser with the tools of AI. Um, and this undressing apps. It's terrific. Um, and I can see that we need when we are sitting here. It's happening now. I have an 11 year old granddaughter. We must discuss this with her. And of course we need to check her mobile again, again and again and discuss this with young girls because it's lower and lower ages in this, this crime. So I agree, of course, platforms are, uh, they must need to take more responsibility. But I also agree what have been said here. We need to implement our legislation, and maybe we also need to have even stronger legislation, because if the platforms not are taking their responsibility, we need to push them to do it. So, um, uh, what's, um, it's I think it's it's easy to say it in this way. Uh, Online violence is not separated from offline violence. So what's illegal? Offline must be eligible also online. So I think an important question to the panel today is what's the most urgent legal or regulatory step we should take as the politicians here in the room, uh, in the Parliament for to stop this growing form of violence because it's growing so fast. When we are sitting here, we have new victims for this. And the most important for us is to protect all the victims out there. Thank you.”
Digital platforms liability for harmful and illegal content
- “Thank you, Madam President. War is going on in Europe here and now. We see threats both from the east and the west. The message is the same though the international world order is under threat and European security can no longer be taken for granted. According to President Zelensky, there are currently negotiations underway about an economic agreement between Russia and the US that might include agreements covering Ukrainian territories. This is entirely unacceptable to leave Ukraine behind. We cannot sit by and watch when the great powers carve up the world between them. It is something that goes without saying that we need to carry our own voice, and we need to show this in action. We need to continue to stand up for Greenland and Denmark, and we need to ensure that all EU countries provide at least half a percent of their GDP in support for Ukraine. Everybody needs to contribute now for Ukraine, for Europe and for all our security.”
Russia-Ukraine conflict (10th term)
- “Thank you very much, president. Well, yes, we have to say it the way it is. Climate change is not a threat for the future. The effects of global warming are already here, and new reality is the one that we lived through this summer. With heat waves from north to south. People are suffering. People are dying. Our societies are not prepared to deal with these extreme heat waves. We have to act and we have to invest. We have to invest in our housing, in our cities, in our infrastructure. We need to do that so that we can adapt to this new reality. It is going to cost us a lot of money to deal with the consequences. So that's precisely why we have to reduce emissions. That's why we need to continue to invest in renewable energy. We simply cannot afford to listen to the climate skeptics on the right when they try to set the agenda. It is not the moment to be passive. We need political courage and that's what we need to show here in the EU. We have to take leadership.”
EU climate adaptation and disaster preparedness · Climate efforts
- “Thank you. President. Commissioner. Clean water. That is a right, not a privilege. But these days, that right is under threat through climate change and pollution. And because of a lack of political courage in Europe, every child and every family should be able to trust the fact that the water from the tap is clean. So we thank Rapporteur Bearder, who has really got into the heart of the matter with this report and showing that we need to invest in new water, modern water infrastructure in order to protect our resources. We've been saying for years that we have to ban PFAS. These are the forever chemicals that can be found in our water, in our bodies. They hang around for years and generations in nature, in the water strategy. We should make access to clear, safe water essential for today's children and future children.”
PFAs
- “59:09 – 10:00:28): Thank you. Thank you, Kjell. Yes, one of the main benefits of the ETS is that it paves the way for investments in the green transition, and it creates a business case for decarbonization. And these investments are also completely necessary in order to make the green transition work for ordinary people so they can heat their homes and transport themselves in ways that are not only sustainable but also affordable. Without investments, we won't have alternatives to fossil fuels. We know that. But this system only works if there is a long-term rule book, and we cannot change changes to the MSR. We need to also agree that it is time for implementation for the member states. We need to get the system going, and we cannot add a long list of possible ways that the ETS 2 can be changed even further in the future, so because it will be very, very confusing. So I think the keyword is balance, as the Council, as the Commission proposal is. I think it's the best way forward. Thank you.”
Extension of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
- “Madam president, madam von der Leyen, in your last mandate. You had a commission that did a great number of things and you made sure that you made progress in terms of security, equal opportunities and climate. Now we want we have the far right who want to reduce that ambition. The Social Democrats want to continue to work on these subjects. We agree that you need to fight the positions of the far right. Including on the issue of equality. We want to see spanned and protect women's rights. This needs to be worked on. We need to guarantee the right to abortion as well as equal opportunities. It's not in the speech, but I want my grandchildren to be able to live in a world with equal opportunities.”
Abortion policy
- “Thank you. Thank you, chair. And thanks to the experts and rapporteurs. This is a super important debate to protect children, girls and women from gender based violence is really a critical issue for for us in the European Parliament, we can see this sexual images on the platforms every day. They are produced. When we are sitting here just now, we know that girls tend to 14 years old. They are there now? Yes, now. So for me, it's it's clear what's illegal offline must be illegal also online. Um, and for this we need to see that the platforms, they have to take more and stronger responsibility. The efforts have not been made yet from their side. And we know that the parents are are worried and confused. And the teachers want to have the responsibility to teach and to, to inform the children. So we need both education and and prevention. It must be a part of our daily life. And of course, we need a ban and we need age limits for, for different platforms. And of course, also, uh, so-called, um, Uh, identity protection against deep fakes. So my question and I can feel we have it together in the room. What's the most important step, the most important tool or regulation, uh, to, to put further for, for us in the European Parliament to, to reach a stronger legislation and regulation. Thank you.”
Regulation of pornography in the EU
- “Thank you. Thank you so much, Commissioner, for your introduction about women's rights, resources and representation. It's really important we welcome the gender equality strategy and especially the implementation. It's really important that we we have this, but we can see the backlash and we see this anti gender narratives. And they are not only present. They are also very active in debates in several member states. So we can see that we have in this strategy, it contains a few new legislative legislative initiatives and appears to rely heavily on the assumption that existing frameworks and enforcement alone is enough. So I'm a little bit worried when you said that you are not planning for new legislation. So my question is, isn't it necessary to be well prepared because just of this backlash. And my other question was, when you mentioned the new jobs, you mentioned a quality jobs, but be aware because 1 in 3 are women, they have no job at all. They have no salary, they have no power of their own life. So my question is, how can we, the commission, work for more women to have a job? Because it's about growth and we need to secure that. It's it's also fair for women to to have an own job. Thank you.”
Gender roles, equality and inclusion
- “Thank you, chair. And thank you, Commissioner, for being here. And first, I would like to underline that forests, they are crucial for the green transition in so many ways, uh, of course, as a carbon sink, but also as a source of biomass and biomass is not endless. It is crucial that we use it wisely. We need smart policies to drive innovations and to help scale them up. And I can see one area where this kind of innovation is crucial, and it is the area of chemicals we need to keep investing in green chemicals. And in a time where the industry is facing tough competition on a global level, this is an opportunity for Europe. Bio based chemicals are an opportunity to create jobs, investments and economic growth. So it's time to walk the walk and make sure that we deliver. And that's why I finally also cannot miss the opportunity to mention reach us, because our legislation has gaps. And PFAS is one example of why we need to strengthen our legislation. So, dear Commissioner, we need the promised reach revision and I will. I wait for it, and I will, of course, welcome your presentation. Thank you.”
Chemicals regulation
- “Thank you, thank you, Chair, and good afternoon, dear Commissioner. I want to start by apologizing. My flight was delayed, so I missed your introduction. But I will say a few words, because as we built the EU's preparedness union, we must know that crisis is not gender neutral. We know that women and girls in war and crisis are hit harder. At the same time, women are also essential actors in every crisis, as health care workers, caregivers, also often responsible for their families. And we know that they are underrepresented in planning, funding, and decision making. So we cannot afford this gap. We need gender budgeting. We need gender responsive training and clear mechanisms to ensure women's participation at all levels. I mean decision making, but also in the hard work, the hard ongoing work. So preparedness is not just about infrastructure and stockpiles. It's also about care, trust, and inclusion. So only by integrating gender equality into the core of our strategy, and to have this mindset, we can build a union that is resilient. So I will be very happy to hear your response on this gender perspective. Thank you.”
Gender roles, equality and inclusion
- “59:09 – 10:00:28): Thank you. Thank you, Kjell. Yes, one of the main benefits of the ETS is that it paves the way for investments in the green transition, and it creates a business case for decarbonization. And these investments are also completely necessary in order to make the green transition work for ordinary people so they can heat their homes and transport themselves in ways that are not only sustainable but also affordable. Without investments, we won't have alternatives to fossil fuels. We know that. But this system only works if there is a long-term rule book, and we cannot change changes to the MSR. We need to also agree that it is time for implementation for the member states. We need to get the system going, and we cannot add a long list of possible ways that the ETS 2 can be changed even further in the future, so because it will be very, very confusing. So I think the keyword is balance, as the Council, as the Commission proposal is. I think it's the best way forward. Thank you.”
Extension of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
- “Thank you. Yes, dear. Commissioner. Um, I was deeply disappointed by the commission's proposal regarding the emission targets for 2035. Because combustion engines are the past, not the future. The risk is not that Europe moves too fast when it comes to electrification. The risk is that we move too slowly compared to other countries. This proposal punishes the frontrunners that has been investing in modern technology. And I know that you know the Volvo position very well. It weakens the European climate policy. And should European competitiveness in the food. Um, I'm relieved that the frontrunners are still committed to high ambitions, but I am disappointed that the EU is holding them back. So my question is, how are you going to build trust in the EU decisions so that front runners there invest in the green transition so that they can? Don't fear that the same thing watering down will happen again and again. Thank you.”
Road transport environmental policy
- “(18:07:15 – 18:09:14): Thank you so much, and welcome to Commissioner Labib, and thanks for your introduction. I will continue in Swedish. I'd like to raise a question about the current Ebola outbreak virus. It doesn't know any borders, as we know. And we also know that we cannot trust that every country reacts or they do so separately. And we all remember how we were lacking coordination in the beginning of the COVID crisis. Let's make sure that those mistakes are not repeated.
I'm worried about the lack of security here with regards to the member states' capacity of identifying and testing suspected cases. And this, while we also know that a vaccine is lacking for this last Ebola variant.
It is positive that the ECDC already works with risk assessments and expert expertise support, but it's not enough. Citizens in the EU expect the EU to be prepared before this virus or another one actually reaches our borders, and it's insufficient to act while the crisis has actually happened.
We know that the health care ministers will be meeting on Friday. So our question to our commission and the commissioner is, when is the commission going to present a coordinated preparedness plan for a possible Ebola case within the EU? How are you going to make sure that all EU member states have the necessary testing capacity and the right measures in place if the worst actually happens? Thank you.”
EU competences on health (internal-competence axis, sharpened)
- “Thank you. Thank you. Chair. Yes, we know that the alarm reports keep coming about the serious consequences of PFAS. We already knew that this dangerous forever chemicals can be found in tap water, drinking water, in children's toys and in makeup. And yesterday we found out that they have also been found in many popular wines. This situation is unacceptable. Pfas chemicals can cause cancer, hormone disruption and damage to the immune system. They pose a threat to the health and safety of European citizens. We need, therefore, decisive EU action. So far, the Commission has made promises but not delivered. We are still waiting for the timeline so we know when we have to expect a concrete proposal. This isn't good enough. Commissioner Jessica Roosevelt Must act faster while the commission drags its feet. Some member states are introducing national PFAS bans. I fully understand them. However, we risk ending up with a patchwork of rules where the protection is weaker in some countries than in others. We need a joint EU solution. So finally, we need legislation that is more ambitious. Some parties think that banning PFAS in consumer goods is enough. I disagree. If we want to protect the health and safety of EU citizens, we need to get rid of these dangerous chemicals. No one should have to worry about whether their drinking water is safe. I urge the commission to take action. And the question in the room is still when will the Commission Commission present the revision of reach? Thank you.”
PFAs
- “59:09 – 10:00:28): Thank you. Thank you, Kjell. Yes, one of the main benefits of the ETS is that it paves the way for investments in the green transition, and it creates a business case for decarbonization. And these investments are also completely necessary in order to make the green transition work for ordinary people so they can heat their homes and transport themselves in ways that are not only sustainable but also affordable. Without investments, we won't have alternatives to fossil fuels. We know that. But this system only works if there is a long-term rule book, and we cannot change changes to the MSR. We need to also agree that it is time for implementation for the member states. We need to get the system going, and we cannot add a long list of possible ways that the ETS 2 can be changed even further in the future, so because it will be very, very confusing. So I think the keyword is balance, as the Council, as the Commission proposal is. I think it's the best way forward. Thank you.”
Extension of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
- “President. The commission is presenting the most important document of the year, and the president has no time to come to the European Parliament. But it looks like the Commission programme is difficult to defend. It's missing many things. What about the Green Deal? What about investing in the health of people or equality? The rights of girls, young women, women in general? We as social Democrats believe that violence carried out by a man against a woman is a European crime. We need to have legislation on consent. The right to abortion also needs to be legalised. We also would like a health law so that we can have greater access to medicine, while also keeping in mind that we are living through a period where we need to remain strong. Before climate change, we've seen droughts, we've seen fires, and it's very clear that as a European Union, we need to act jointly and we also need investment. We need to invest in people, we need to invest in companies. The commission needs to show strength and leadership during a very difficult time, which is why I would tell miss van der Leyen do what we need in favour of the European Union.”
Gender roles, equality and inclusion
- “Thank you. I continue in Swedish. Welcome vice president. This is a very good opportunity to speak about chemicals I need. I would like to say that I'm very disappointed that you don't want to look further into. This is the most ambitious legislation that we have in the world, but we need to cover some some areas that are lacking. The Commission are talking about simplifications. Often this only concerns a deregulation. We have an example in the omnibus. So is there a political will to enhance the protection against hazardous chemicals? I hope I will be proven wrong that you have lowered the level of ambition. But my question is, are you willing to go for prohibitions of dangerous chemicals? The changes that we have now will not protect the health of people.”
Chemicals regulation
- “President. The powerful have once again created a war that is having an effect on energy, which is now making citizens suffer. We need to coordinate to make sure that people can still pay their bills. And we need to protect jobs in Europe and reduce our dependence on fossil fuel sources. Today we are paying more for oil and gas than we are to Ukraine. That's absurd. We need to continue with our transition. Invest in renewables. Think of the future that our children will have. Because even if peace is reached tomorrow, the effects will cast a long shadow. We have to continue to take action on behalf of our citizens. We need to be more ambitious in the European Union for a greener, stronger Europe.”
Energy (green transition)
- “(15:20:40 – 15:22:45): Thank you so much, Chair. I will continue in Swedish. So Thank you for this opportunity to discuss this very important issue. When I looked at the Commission's proposal about changing the targets for 2035, well then I wasn't surprised, but very disappointed. The commission chooses to reverse into the future. The competitiveness of the EU will never be built on old technologies. Fossil fuels and combustion engines, well, they belong to yesterday.
And we know that the global competition is extremely hard and other countries might overtake us. Look at China. They invest in electrification and batteries. Look at all the Chinese vehicles driving around in Europe right now. The discussed proposal will punish those who are early actors that have followed the legislation and actually invested in new technology.
Unfortunately, no, the industry that doesn't want to do this, they are now actually investing in lobbyism, which leads to something that jeopardizes our competitiveness and our climate policy. And the automotive industry of the future is still in Europe. Not long ago, I was there when the new Volvo EX60 was launched and I was present then. This innovative force is present here right now, and those who have invested correctly should not be punished. That is not competitiveness.
And as we have heard, the vehicle's future is electric. So look at Denmark, an excellent model here. We need to work like this. We need to meet the future. Thank you.”
Road transport environmental policy
- “Thank you so much, dear chair. I will also continue in Swedish. We know that every day that passes is a day where developments are heading in the right, wrong direction. And if we take the responsibility of achieving the goals that we ourselves have set for climate change, then. We have to say at least 90% with the ambition of 95% for 2040. Otherwise, we're not going to be able to live up to what ourselves determined if we were to follow the Paris Agreement, as the Commission is saying, then we need leadership. It's also important that we follow the expectations of businesses. They need a long term plan, and we know that we've we've done well with our legislation in the Green Deal, and it's now more important than ever in to support Member states in the implementation of the Green Deal. So with all these fair words that we're hearing from the commission, can I ask the Commission whether it is in a position to guarantee that simplification will not be worsening and that we'll actually stick to the climate goals? Thank you.”
Climate efforts
- “Your words. Thank you. President. The EU has set itself the ambition of overhauling EU chemicals regulations. We should be proud of this. This is good for our citizens, for the environment and for health in the European Union. However, this is in itself not alone. The system has to be modernized. It has to be enhanced. And as the years go by, further steps will be necessary. Right now, we're looking at this package. This should lead to reduction or elimination of duplication in the European Union. It should be possible for agencies to work together to make a joint risk assessment. This means that we've provided them with a framework to ensure that the risks inherent in different chemical substances can be effectively assessed. This should also enable us to act more quickly. This information on chemicals will be brought together. It will be made more accessible. This will happen via a new common data platform. This means that the state of art, when it comes to understanding and knowledge of chemical substances, will increase. This is very important for those in charge. It's also very important for our citizens. At the same time, I'm delighted that these changes are happening. But I am concerned about the implications of this for reach fas fas. For example, they're omnipresent in our society. We cannot afford to allow this. These regulations to be watered down. On the contrary, they should be strengthened so as to ensure that we in the European Union.”
Chemicals regulation
- “Thank you. Commissioner. Behind every attack, every picture, every click, there is a child, a child who has been let down, a child whose life will change forever. And children, not least, girls, have a right to grow up free of violence, free of being attacked, free of being exploited on the net, on the web as well. Anything that is illegal offline obviously must be illegal online. As the rapporteur for the opinion from the Women's Rights and Gender Equality Committee, I have been fighting for strengthening children's rights to make gender based violence more visible and to make it clear that we can get consent for older children. We need to I need to thank the rapporteur and the other people working on this for the work that's been put into this. It's absolutely essential, this report for the work that needs to be done in the EU. It's an obligation. It's our responsibility. And now it's high time to move from words to deeds for the sake of our children.”
Regulation of pornography in the EU
- “Thank you. The green transition is under attack. The USA has left the Paris Agreement. And countries that used to be leaders in this field, like Sweden, now have conservative governments that have just forgotten about the climate agreements. And at a time when we need leadership and political courage, both locally, nationally and globally, unfortunately, the EU is, uh, doing the opposite, It. We see the way we have the climate objectives for 2040. We see that the conservative governments are putting the brakes on, and we see negotiations grinding to a halt in the European Parliament, and the consequences that the EU cannot agree among themselves ahead of the Cop in Brazil. This is embarrassing and undermines our climate policy. Nobody else is going to come and solve the climate crisis for us, and the cost of doing nothing is much greater than doing something. We need green investments now. The clocks are ticking. We're running out of time. We need to act. I'll be going to Brazil, and I hope that the EU will don the leader's jersey in the green transition. Andre.”
Climate efforts